Dangdut is just one characteristic of Indonesian music

Please click the link below to watch the dangdut song is more famous in Indonesia

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6hZbkzkbCc&spfreload=5

BELAJAR RUMUS SEDERHANA MICROSOFT EXCEL DENGAN POWER POINT

Untuk melihat aplikasi nya silahkan klik link dibawah ini :

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7HxCbeaZAZXWGYybGZYZFgzR1k/view?usp=sharing

history of the kingdom of Majapahit Indonesia

 
Geographical Location of the Majapahit Kingdom
The geographic location is very strategic Majapahit kingdom in the region because of the large river basins , namely the Brantas and Bengawan Solo River and its tributaries are navigable up to the upstream .The formation history of the Majapahit Kingdom
At the time of the attack Jayakatwang , Raden Wijaya charge facing the north , it turns out larger attacks actually launched from the south . So when Raden Wijaya back to the palace , he saw the Royal Palace Singasari nearly engulfed in flames and heard Kertanegara was killed along with other dignitaries . Eventually he fled with the remnants of his army still loyal and assisted villagers Kugagu . After feeling safe he went to ask for protection from Aryawiraraja Madura . With her help he succeeds to the throne , the area presented to Raden Wijaya attractiveness as a regional power. When it comes to Java Mongol army led by Shih - Pi , Ike - Mise , and with the aim of punishing you Hsing Kertanegara , Raden Wijaya then exploit the situation to attack Jayakatwang cooperate . After Jayakatwang killed , the Mongol army kemenanganya celebrate feast . The opportunity was also utilized by the Raden Wijaya to turn against the Mongols , so that the Mongols were expelled from Java and return to his country . Raden Wijaya then in 1293 to the throne and the title of Sri Kertajasa Jayawardhana .Majapahit kings

    Kertajasa Jawardhana (1293 - 1309)


Is the founder of the Majapahit kingdom , during his reign , Raden Wijaya aided by those who participated instrumental in pioneering the establishment of the kingdom of Majapahit , Aryawiraraja tremendous services given dominion over the area covering eastern Lumajang , Blambangan . Raden Wijaya ruled by a very kind and thoughtful . The composition of government not unlike the arrangement Singasari Kingdom government .

    King Jayanegara (1309-1328)


Kala Gemet succeeded his father to the throne with the title Sri Jayanegara . In pemerintahannnya period marked by rebellions . For example uprising Ranggalawe 1231 saka , saka 1233 Sora Ox uprising , rebellion Interpreter demung 1235 saka , saka 1236 Blue Elephant uprising , rebellion Nambi , Lasem , Semi , Kuti with Bandaderga events . Kuti rebellion is a dangerous rebellion , almost demolish the kingdom of Majapahit . But all of that can be overcome . Jayanegara King himself was killed by his doctors called Tanca . Tanca eventually killed anyway by Gajah Mada .

    Tribuwana Tunggadewi (1328 - 1350)


Jayanegara king died without leaving a putrapun , therefore who should be king is Gayatri , but because he had become a monk then replaced by his daughter with a degree Tribuwana Bhre Kahuripan Tunggadewi , assisted by her husband named Kartawardhana . In 1331 arising insurgency by Sadeng area and Keta ( Besuki ) . The uprising was crushed by Gajah Mada who at the time was Patih Daha . For his services is appointed Gajah Mada of Majapahit Kingdom Mahapatih replace Pu Dragon . Gajah Mada then tried to show his loyalty , he aspired to unite the archipelago , assisted by MPU Nala and Adityawarman . In 1339 , Gajah Mada swore not to eat Palapa before archipelago united . The oath known as Palapa Oath , while the contents of amukti palapa is as follows : " Seagrass luwas lose archipelago isum amakti palapa , seagrass Desert lost ring , ring Seram , ring Sunda , Palembang ring , ring Tumasik , Samana amukti palapa sun " . Then Gajah Mada doing conquests .

    Hayam Wuruk


Hayam Wuruk ascended the throne at a very young age that is 16 years old and holds Rajasanegara . In the reign of Hayam Wuruk Mahapatih accompanied by Gajah Mada , Majapahit reached its golden . From the Book Negerakertagama can be seen that the area of power during the reign of Hayam Wuruk , almost as wide as the Indonesian territory that now , even the influence of the Majapahit kingdom up to tettangga countries . The only area that is not subject to the powers of the Sundanese kingdom of Majapahit was at that time under the rule of Maharaja Sri Baduga . Hayam Wuruk intends to take to be a Sundanese princess queen . After the princess of Sunda ( Diah Pitaloka ) and his father Maharaja Sri Baduga with the magnifying Sundanese are in Bubat , Gajah Mada deceit , Gajah Mada Hayam Wuruk not want the marriage to the daughter of Sunda carried away. He wants daughter's Sunda dedicated to Majapahit ( as a tribute ) . Then there was disagreement and finally Bubat war . Many casualties on both sides , Sri Baduga fall , Sunda daughter committed suicide .Gajah Mada died in 1364 , a loss of Majapahit Kingdom Mahapatih unparalleled . To select a successor is not an easy job . Saptaprabu Council which has several times held a hearing to select a replacement Gajah Mada finally decided that Patih Hamungkubhumi Gajah Mada will not be replaced " to fill in the gaps in the implementation of government appointed Tandi sebagais Wridhamantri MPU , MPU Amancanegara Nala as a minister and as a duke dami Yuamentri . King Hayam Wuruk died in 1389 .

    Wikramawardhana


Kusumawardhani crown princess ascended the throne of his father who was married Wikramawardhana . In practice Wikramawardhanalah who run the government . While Bhre Wirabhumi Hayam Wuruk children of concubines , because Bhre Wirabhumi ( daughter Hayam Wuruk ) of concubines he shall not be entitled to occupy the throne however he was given the power to rule in the eastern part of Majapahit , which Blambangan area . Wikramawardhana power struggle between the so-called war Wirabhumi Bhre Paregreg .Wikramawardhana died in 1429 , the government of kings next row is Suhita , Kertawijaya , Rajasa Ward , Purwawisesa and Brawijaya V , which does not escape the power struggle marked .Sources History of the founding of the Kingdom MajaahitSources of the history and development of the Majapahit kingdom stand comes from various sources namely :Inscription Butok ( 1244 years ) . This inscription was issued by Raden Wijaya after he succeeded to the throne of the kingdom. This inscription contains Singasari empire collapse events and the struggle to establish the kingdom of Raden WijayaHarsawijaya Flag Song and Song of Wijayakrama , the second ballad tells Raden Wijaya when facing an enemy of Kediri and the early years of the development of the MajapahitPararaton book , tells of kings reign and Majapahit SingasariBook Negarakertagama , tells the story of Rajam Hayam Wuruk to East Java .Political LifeMajapahit always run a good neighbor policy with foreign kingdoms , such as the Kingdom of China , Ayodya ( Siam ) , Champa and Cambodia . It was evident around the year 1370 - 1381 , Majapahit had several times sent envoys to China friendship . It is known from Chinese chronicles news from the Ming Dynasty.King of Majapahit kingdom as well as an accomplished statesman politicians reliable . This is evidenced by Raden Wiajaya , Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada Maha Patih in its efforts to realize the great empire , strong and authoritative . The structure of government in the center of Majapahit :1 . king2 . Yuaraja or Kumaraja ( Viceroy )3 . Rakryan Mahamantri Katrinia. Mahamantri i - hinob . Mahamantri i - upstreamc . Mahamantri i - sirikan4 . Rakryan Mahamantri ri Pakirakirana. Rakryan Mahapatih ( Commander / Hamangkubhumi )b . Hero Member Rakryan ( commander Kingdom )c . Rakryan demung ( Domestic Regulatory Kingdom )d . Rakryan Kemuruhan ( Liaison and protocol tasks ) ande . Rakryan Rangga ( Vice Commander )5 . Dharmadyaka occupied by two people , each dharmadyaka assisted by a number of religious officials called Upapat . In those days there were 7 Upapati Hayam Wuruk .In addition to officials who have been mentioned under the king of kings there are a number of areas ( majesty bharata ) , each of which ruled a region . Besides the local kings unisex civilian officials and military . Administration of the composition we can see that the system of government and political life of Majapahit had very regular work .Economic Social and Cultural Life of the Majapahit KingdomWoven friendship with neighboring countries was very supportive in the economy ( shipping and trading ) . Majapahit empire consists of islands and the islands that produce a variety of sources of merchandise .Marketed merchandise such as rice , pepper , ivory , tin , iron , diamonds , fish , clove , nutmeg , sandalwood and cotton .In the world of trading , the Majapahit empire holds two very important roles .As the empire Manufacturers - Majapahit has a vast territory with a very fertile soil . With the fertile regions of the Majapahit kingdom is the manufacturer of the merchandise .As Intermediary kingdom - the kingdom of Majapahit brought crops from one area to another area . The state of society that regularly support the creation of works of quality culture . evidence of cultural development in the kingdom of Majapahit can be known through the relics of the following:Temple : Among other temples Upgrading ( Blitar ) , temple and temple Tegalwangi Rat ( Trowulan ) .Literature : The results of our literature Majapahit era can differentiate intoMajapahit Period Early LiteratureNegarakertagama Book , written by MPU prapancaSutasoma Book , written by MPU TantularArjunawiwaha Book , written by MPU TantularBook KunjarakarnaBook ParhayajnaLiterature Majapahit Period EndThe results of the end of the Majapahit era literature written in Central Java , some of which are written in the form of a song ( ballad ) and written in the form of prose ( prose ) . The results of the most important literature , among others :Book prapanca , it tells the kings Singasari and MajapahitBook Sundayana , the contents of the event BubatBook Sarandaka , the contents of the uprising soraBook Ranggalawe , the contents of the uprising RanggalawePanjiwijayakrama , it outlines the history of Raden Wijaya to be kingUsana Book of Java , the contents of the conquest of the island by Gajah Mada and Aryadamar , Majapahit palace to Gelgel removal and crushing giant king named Maya Denawa .Book of Usana Bali , it tentanng chaos on the island of Bali .In addition to these books there's more important literary books at the end of the Majapahit era such as the Book of Uncle Cangah , Tantu performances , Calon Arang , Korawasrama , Babhulisah , Tantri Kamandaka and Pancatantra .

 source : Wikipedia dan http://nesaci.com/sejarah-lengkap-kerajaan-majapahit/

Indonesian Sriwijaya kingdom history

Srivijaya kingdom ( or also called Srivijaya ) is one of the powerful maritime empire on the island of Sumatra and much influence in the archipelago with territory stretching from Cambodia , Thailand , Malay Peninsula , Sumatra , Java , Borneo , and Sulawesi . In Sanskrit , sri means " glowing " and wijaya means " victory " .
         The earliest evidence of the existence of this kingdom are from the 7th century ; Chinese pastor , I Tsing , wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 and stayed for 6 months . The oldest inscription of the Sriwijaya also be in the 7th century , the inscription Kedukan Hill in Palembang , bertarikh 682 . Setback Srivijaya influence on regional subordinates began to shrink due to several wars including attacks from True Dharmawangsa king of Java in the year 990 , and in 1025 the attacks Rajendra Chola I of Coromandel , then in 1183 under the control of the kingdom of Srivijaya power Dharmasraya .

        After the fall of Srivijaya , the kingdom of Srivijaya forgotten and a new existence in 1918 officially recognized by the French historian George Coedès of the École française d' Extrême - Orient .

historiography
        There is no further record of the Srivijaya in Indonesian history ; forgotten his past reshaped by foreign scholars . No one who heard about the modern Indonesian Srivijaya until the 1920s , when French scholar George Coedès published his findings in the Dutch and Indonesian -language newspapers . Coedès stated that the Chinese references to " San - fo - ts'i " , previously read " Sribhoja " , and some inscriptions in Old Malay refer to the same empire .

         Srivijaya became a symbol of early Sumatran greatness , and of the archipelago apart Majapahit kingdom in East Java . In the 20th century , the two kingdoms into a reference by the nationalists to show that Indonesia is a unitary state sebelelum Dutch colonialism .Sriwijaya is called by various names . The Chinese call it Shih - li -fo - shih or San - fo - ts'i or San Fo Qi . In Sanskrit and Pali , Srivijaya kingdom called Yavadesh and Javadeh . The Arabs called it Zabaj Malay and Khmer call . The number of names is another reason why Srivijaya very hard to find . While the map Ptolemaeus found information concerning a 3 island Sabadeibei which is possibly related to Sriwijaya .

        Around 1993 , Pierre - Yves Manguin observation and argues that the center of Srivijaya was on the Musi River between Bukit Seguntang and Sabokingking ( located in the South Sumatra province now ) . But before Soekmono found Srivijaya center located in Batang Hari sehiliran region , between Muara Sabak up to Tembesi Estuary ( in Jambi province today ) , with no record of Malay in the region , if the Malays in the region , he tends to think Moens , who previously also been argued that the location of the center of the kingdom of Srivijaya was the temple area Barelang ( Riau province ) , assuming travel directions in the notes , I Tsing , and it can also be associated with news about the construction of a temple dedicated to the king of Srivijaya ( Se li He wu ni fu chu ma tian hwa or Sri Cudamaniwarmadewa ) in 1003 to the Chinese emperor called tien cheng shou wan ( temple youngest , one part of the temple which is located in Barelang ) . But certainly at the time of the conquest by Rajendra Chola I, based on Tanjore inscriptions , Srivijaya had its capital in Kadaram ( Kedah now ) .
Formation and growth
        Not much physical evidence of Srivijaya that can be found . The kingdom is a trade center and a maritime country , but this is not the royal authority extending beyond the islands of Southeast Asia , with the exception of contributing to the population of Madagascar as far as 3,300 miles to the west . Some experts are still debating the region became the administrative center of Srivijaya , besides the possibility of moving ordinary royal seat of government , but remained the capital of the region was ruled directly by the authorities , while supporting the area was ruled by the local datu .
        
         Srivijaya Empire has been around since 671 according to the records , I Tsing , from inscriptions Kedukan Hill in the 682 in mind empire under the leadership of Dapunta Hyang . In the 7th century , the Chinese note that there are two kingdoms , namely Kedah Malay and became part of Srivijaya empire . Based on the Kota Kapur inscription which dates to the year 686 found on the island of Bangka , this empire has mastered the southern part of Sumatra , the island of Bangka and Belitung , Lampung up . This inscription also mentions that Sri Jayanasa has launched a military expedition to punish Bhumi Java which are not devoted to the Srivijaya , the event coincided with the collapse Tarumanagara in West Java and Holing ( Kalinga ) in Central Java which is most likely due to the attack of Srivijaya . Srivijaya grew and managed to control the maritime trade route in the Strait of Malacca , the Sunda Strait , the South China Sea , Java Sea , and the Strait of Karimata .

         This empire expansion into Java and the Malay Peninsula , Srivijaya control makes two major trading center in Southeast Asia . Based on observations , discovered the ruins of the temples of Srivijaya in Thailand and Cambodia . In the 7th century , Cham ports in the east of Indochina began diverting many traders from Sriwijaya . To prevent that , the Maharaja Dharmasetu launched several attacks on coastal towns in Indochina . Indrapura city on the banks of the Mekong River , in the early 8th century Sriwijaya was under control . Sriwijaya continue dominance over Cambodia , the Khmer kings until Jayawarman II , the founder of the Khmer empire , broke with Sriwijaya in the same century . At the end of the 8th century several kingdoms in Java , among others Tarumanegara and holing under the authority of Srivijaya . According to records , during the Sailendra dynasty also migrated to Central Java and powerful there . In this same century , Langkasuka on the Malay peninsula became part of the kingdom . In the next period , Pan Pan and Trambralinga , which lies to the north of Langkasuka , also under the influence of Srivijaya .

       After Dharmasetu , Samaratungga be the successor kingdoms . He came to power in a period of 792 to 835 . Unlike the expansionist Dharmasetu , Samaratungga not perform military expansion , but rather to strengthen the control of Srivijaya in Java . During his tenure , he built the Borobudur temple in Central Java, which was completed in the year 825 .
Religion and Culture
         As a teaching center of Vajrayana Buddhism , Srivijaya attracted pilgrims and scholars from many countries in Asia . Among other pastors from China , I Tsing , who visited Sumatra in the course of his studies at the University of Nalanda , India , in the year 671 and 695 , as well as in the 11th century , Atisha , a Buddhist scholar Bengali origin who was instrumental in developing the Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet . I Tsing reported that Srivijaya become home to Buddhist scholars to be the center of Buddhist learning . Visitors who come to this island states that gold coins have been used in the coastal kingdom . Besides Buddhism Hinayana Buddhism and Mahayana Buddhist Srivijaya were also developed in .

        Sriwijaya kingdom heavily influenced the culture of India , the first by Hindu culture then followed by Buddhism . The kings of Srivijaya controlled the Malay archipelago through trade and conquest of the 7th century period until the 9th century , thus directly participate in developing the Malay language and its culture in the archipelago .

        It is possible that as a bookie -busting Srivijaya trading center in Southeast Asia , of course, to attract Muslim traders and scholars from the Middle East . So some of the kingdom which was originally a part of Srivijaya , then grew into a forerunner of Islamic kingdoms in Sumatra later , while weakening the influence of Srivijaya .

        There are sources that mention , because of the influence that many Arab Muslims been in Srivijaya , the king of Srivijaya named Sri Indrawarman converted to Islam in the year 718 . So it is very possible social life Sriwijaya is a social community in which there are Buddhist and Muslim communities as well . Recorded several times Srivijaya king sent a letter to the Islamic caliphate in Syria . In one manuscript letter addressed to the Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz ( 717 - 720M ) contains a request that the caliph refused to send preachers to Sriwijaya palace .
trade
         In the world of commerce , Srivijaya became controlling trade route between India and China , which is the possession of the straits of Malacca and Sunda straits . The Arabs noted that Srivijaya had various commodities such as camphor , aloes , cloves , nutmeg , cardamom , ivory , gold , and tin which makes the king of Srivijaya as rich as kings in India . This abundant wealth has enabled Srivijaya buy loyalty of the vassal - vassalnya throughout Southeast Asia .
        In the first half of the 10th century , between the fall of the Tang and Song dynasties rise , with foreign trade is rampant , especially Fujian , Min and foreign royal rich Guangdong kingdom of Nan Han . Undoubtedly Srivijaya benefit from this trade .
Relations with regional powers
        To strengthen its position over control of the region in Southeast Asia , Srivijaya empire established diplomatic relations with China , and regularly deliver messenger and tribute .In the early days of the colony is the Khmer empire of Srivijaya . Many historians claim that Chaiya , Surat Thani province , southern Thailand , as the capital of the empire , the influence of Srivijaya appears on Borom That pagoda building Srivijaya style . After the fall of Srivijaya , Chaiya was divided into the three cities ( Mueang ) Chaiya , Thatong ( Kanchanadit ) , and Khirirat Nikhom .

          Sriwijaya also closely correlated with the Pala kingdom in Bengal , the Nalanda inscription numbered 860 Balaputradewa noted that the king dedicated a monastery at Nalanda University . Relations with the Chola dynasty in south India is also quite good , from Leiden inscription mentioned Srivijaya kings had built a monastery called the monastery Culamanivarmma , but became worse after Rajendra Chola I ascended the throne who carried out the attack in the 11th century . This relationship then rebounded during Kulothunga Chola I, where the king sends messengers Kadaram Srivijaya in the announcement requesting exemption of excise duty on the Culamanivarmma Neighborhood monastery . However, in this era of Srivijaya considered to have been a portion of the Chola dynasty , from the Chinese chronicles mention that Kulothunga Chola I ( Ti - hua - ka - lo ) as the king of San - fo - ts'i help repair the temple near Canton in 1079 , the Song dynasty temple is called by the name of Kuan and Tien Ching during the Yuan dynasty called the Yuan Miau name Kwan .
The golden age
          Characterized by a maritime empire of Srivijaya empire , hegemony relying on the strength of his fleet in control of shipping lanes , trade routes , master and build some strategic areas as a fleet base in overseeing , protecting merchant ships , as well as the excise levy to maintain the territorial sovereignty and power.

            From historical records and archaeological evidence , in the 9th century Srivijaya was re-colonized in almost all kingdoms of Southeast Asia , among others : Sumatra , Java , Malay Peninsula , Thailand , Cambodia , Vietnam , and the Philippines . Domination over the Strait of Malacca and the Sunda Strait , making Srivijaya as controlling the spice trade and local trade that the cost of any passing ship . Sriwijaya accumulate wealth as a port and trading warehouses that serve the Chinese market , and India .

          Sriwijaya also called Medang role in destroying the kingdom in Java , the inscription Pucangan mentioned an event that is the destruction Mahapralaya Medang palace in East Java , where Haji Wurawari Lwaram the possibility of a subordinate king of Srivijaya , the year 1006 or 1016 and the attack resulted in the killing king Last medang Dharmawangsa True .
reduction
         In 1017 and 1025, Rajendra Chola I, the king of the Chola dynasty in the Coromandel , south India , sent a sea expedition to attack Sriwijya , based Tanjore inscriptions bertarikh 1030, the Chola empire had conquered the colonies Srivijaya , once captured the powerful Srivijaya king time that. Over the next few decades the whole empire of Srivijaya was under the influence of the Chola dynasty . Rajendra Chola I nevertheless continue to provide opportunities to the kings of the conquered to remain in power for still subject to him . This can be attributed to the presence of news messengers San - fo - ts'i to China in 1028 .

          Between the years 1079 - 1088 , the Chinese chronicles record that San - fo - ts'i still send messengers from Jambi and Palembang . In Chinese news , entitled Sung Hui Yao stated that the kingdom of San - fo - tsi in 1082 sent a delegation to China under the reign period of Emperor Yuan Fong . The ambassador delivered a letter from the king of Kien - pi subordinates San - fo - tsi , which is a letter from the princess entrusted with the affairs of the state of San- fo - tsi , and also handed over 227 Tahil jewelry , thatch , and 13 pieces of clothing . Then also mengirimankan next envoy in 1088 . However, due to the invasion of Rajendra Chola I, the Srivijaya hegemony over subordinate kings weakened , some conquered areas to escape , to emerge as a new force Dharmasraya then take back the colonies ranging from regional Srivijaya Malay Peninsula , Sumatra , Java to the west .

           Based on Chinese sources in the book Chu - fan - chi , written in 1178 , Chou - Ju - Kua describe that in Southeast Asia archipelago there are two very powerful royal and rich , the San - fo - ts'i and Cho - po ( Java ) . In Java, he found that people embraced Buddhism and Hinduism , while the people of San - fo - ts'i Buddhist , and has 15 subordinate areas which include; Si - lan ( Cambodia ) , Tan - ma - ling ( Tambralingga , Ligor , south Thailand ) , Kia - lo - hi ( Grahi , Chaiya now , southern Thailand ) , Ling -ya - si - kia ( Langkasuka ) , Kilantan ( Kelantan ) , Pong - fong ( Pahang ) , Tong - ya - nong ( Terengganu ) , Fo - lo -an ( area Dungun Terengganu river estuary now ) , Ji - lo - t'ing ( Cherating , east coast of the Malay Peninsula ) , Ts'ien - mai ( Semawe , the east coast of the Malay Peninsula ) , Pa - t'a ( Paka river , the east coast of the Malay Peninsula ) , Lan - wu - li ( Lamuri in Aceh ) , Pa - lin - fong ( Palembang ) , Kien - pi ( Jambi ) , and Sin - T'o ( Sunda ) .

         However, the term San - fo - tsi especially in 1178 is no longer synonymous with Sriwijaya , but has been synonymous with Dharmasraya , from the list of 15 countries subordinates San - fo - tsi is a list Dharmasraya royal colony , although the source of Chinese still call San - fo - tsi as a kingdom located in the South China sea region . This is because the Malay Pararaton already mentioned , mentioned Kertanagara Singhasari king sent an expedition Pamalayu or Pamalayu , and then presented to the king statue Amoghapasa Malay , Srimat Tribhuwanaraja Mauli Warmadewa in Dharmasraya as it is written in Padang Roco inscription . This event is then associated with a manuscript that contained the inscription Grahi . So also in Nagarakretagama , which describes Majapahit colonies also did not mention the name Srivijaya to the previous region is an area of ​​Sriwijaya .
The structure of government
         The formation of a unitary state in the dimensional structure of political authority of Srivijaya , traceable from some inscriptions which contain important information about kadātuan , vanua , samaryyāda , mandala and Bhumi .

          Kadātuan can significantly Datu district , ( tnah home ) residence chant Hajj , where gold is stored and the result of excise ( drawy ) as an area that must be maintained . Kadātuan is surrounded by vanua , which can be regarded as an area of ​​the city of Srivijaya which there are temples for a place of worship for the community . Vanua Kadātuan and this is a core area for Sriwijaya itself. According Casparis , samaryyāda an area bordering the vanua , which are connected in a special way ( samaryyāda - patha ) intends to inland areas . While the mandala is an autonomous region of Bhumi under the influence of Srivijaya kadātuan power .

         Srivijaya ruler called Dapunta Hyang or Maharaja , and the circles are sequentially yuvarāja king ( crown prince ) , pratiyuvarāja ( second crown prince ) and rājakumāra ( next heir ) . Telaga Batu inscription mentions many various positions within the government structure during the Srivijaya empire .
historical heritage
         Although Srivijaya left little archaeological remains of forgotten memories and community supporters , the rediscovery of the maritime empire by Coedès the 1920s has raised the awareness that some form of political union highway , a fellowship empire consisting of maritime kingdoms , never rose , growing , and succeeding in the past .In addition to Majapahit , Indonesian nationalists also glorifies Sriwijaya as a source of pride and past glory Indonesian evidence . Glories of Sriwijaya has become a source of national pride and regional identity , especially for the residents of the city of Palembang , South Sumatra province . For residents of Palembang , Sriwijaya sublime has become the inspiration of art and culture , such as traditional songs and dances Gending Sriwijaya . The same is true for the people of Southern Thailand reinventing dance Sevichai ( Sriwijaya ) is based on the elegance of art and culture Srivijaya .

          In Indonesia , Srivijaya has been used and the name immortalized as the name of the street in various cities , and this name has been attached to the city of Palembang and South Sumatra . Sriwijaya University established in 1960 is named after the Palembang Srivijaya kedatuan . Similarly II Sriwijaya Military Command ( military commando unit ) , PT Sriwijaya Fertilizer ( Fertilizer Company in South Sumatra ) , Sriwijaya Post ( a daily newspaper in Palembang ) , Sriwijaya TV , Sriwijaya Air ( airline ) , Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium , and Sriwijaya Football Club ( Palembang football clubs ) , all named in his honor , glorify and celebrate the glory of Srivijaya empire .

 source : http://teknikbermain.blogspot.com/2012/05/sejarah-lengkap-kerajaan-sriwijaya.html

Tips : List of Candidates (Presidential Candidate) Indonesia 2014

List of Candidates (Presidential Candidate) 2014

A list of all candidates for the 2014 presidential election in Indonesia can be seen in the figure below are sorted based on the letters of the alphabet name. More information can be found in the candidate profile.

In the Election of 2014 candidates on July 9, 2014, let us together to choose a candidate that is a leader in fuel Brave Clean Populist.

Aburizal Bakrie Capres Golkar	Ani Yudhoyono Undur diri	Anies Baswedan Konvensi Demokrat	Chairul Tanjung Undur diri
Dahlan Iskan Konvensi Demokrat	Hatta Rajasa Kader PAN	Hidayat Nurwahid Kader PKS	Joko Suyanto Independen
Joko Widodo Kader PDIP	Jusuf Kalla Kader Golkar	Mahfud MD Kader PKB	Marzuki Alie Kader Demokrat
Megawati Soekarnoputri Kader PDIP	Prabowo Subianto Capres Gerindra	Pramono Edi Wibowo Konvensi Demokrat	Rhoma Irama Independen
Sri Mulyani Independen	Sri Sultan HB X Undur diri	Surya Paloh Capres Nasdem	Wiranto Capres Hanura
Gita Wirjawan Konvensi Demokrat	Endriartono Sutarto Konvensi Demokrat	Djoko Santoso Independen	Puan Maharani Kader PDIP

Please click on the above image or name to see biographical data on each candidate follows a history of his life, his profession, his achievements and so on.

 source : http://capres2014.org/daftar-capres-2014/

Pros and Kharisma Indonesia The President

1. Ir . Sukarno

Pros and Bung Karno Kharisma like nothing ever runs out for discussion , as the first President , he has a range of competencies that even difficult to surpass by people in general, which controls more than 7 foreign languages ​​, an expert in the field of architecture and master of political sciences and history , in addition to Sukarno was also renowned as a master orator who is second to none . Sukarno is so precise figure Indonesian Nations Leader in his time .

 

 2. Suharto

Regardless of controversy lately warmed Soeharto credibility can not be disputed . In addition to the President with the longest period yet Soeharto also known as a master strategist . it can be seen from how Suharto run military missions , and genius Suharto most difficult to surpass by people in general is how to take advantage of the situation that occurred in the period 1965-1966 so that is where the name became president Suharto inaugurated the 2nd RI . 

 3. BJ . Habibie

Although President BJ.Habibie is the shortest positions , but he also competence can not be underestimated . As one of the 10 smartest people in the world he is a figure who can be trusted as the 3rd President .

4. Gus Dur

Cleric character works as well as a reform leader Gus Dur charismatic leader figure in his time . Armed with the ability to master several foreign languages ​​and relations that are spread throughout the world , especially the Middle East makes Gusdur worthy and deserve to be president of the 4th Republic of Indonesia although it should eventually forcibly relegated due to the controversial policy 

5. Megawati

Many people who consider the Mega can be the 5th President because his father was supported by big names Ir . Sukarno . That may be true but nevertheless Mega orator is one who is able to accumulate large amounts of time can be seen from PDIP victory in the 1999 elections. 

 6. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono or better known as SBY was the first president elected by direct election system . His competence in leadership could no doubt, since education up to the level of general officer he was always doing amazing things . with capacity thus it is inappropriate for President SBY into 6th until today .